Dushanbe is the capital and largest city of Tajikistan,with a population of 679,400 people (2008),. The name Dushanbe translates "Monday" and it reflects the fact the city developed on the site of a Monday marketplace.

Although archaeological remnants dating to the 5th century BC have been discovered in the area, there is little to suggest that Dushanbe was more than a small village until the early 20th century. The city's main sights include Haji Yakoub Mosque, Tajikistan National Museum (Tajik Unified Museum),

National Museum of Antiquities of Tajikistan, Vahdat Palace, Palace of Nations, etc.

Dushanbe is the country's commercial center. A leading cotton textile center, Dushanbe also produces silk, machinery, electrical appliances, clothing, leather goods, tractor parts, and foodstuffs.